CONCEPTS
Land Art
This is a kind of art which is also called "earth art".
Its pioneers were artists from the late 1960's. They made
the earth their main material and used only natural
materials like soil, stones, wood.
Some of these artists created their works of art
in the desert or on the sea shores and moved
tons of soil and stone. Others, among them, Long de
Maria, brought the outside world to their galleries.
Air photography perpetuated their works.
Obelisk
In Egyptian art an obelisk is a column of stone which
narrow to a point at the tip. It's usually carved out of
one block of stone. Its base is square whereas the tip is
like a pyramid.
The obelisk was carved out of red granite and its
tip was coated with gold and silver. On one of its
sides was engraved with hyrogliphics.
Important obelisks from the 16th century were copied
from Egypt and found in:
1. Fieda San Giovani, Rome
2. Central Park, New York
3. The River Themes, London
4. Palace de la Concorde, Paris
Avant Garde
This is a French phrase which means artists who are the
daring experimentalists and innovators of
unconventional designs.
Atalia
This is a French word which represents
the studio, the artist's workshop.
Iconology
This term refers to painting on wood, walls or mosiac
of holy images or religious figures.
Many artists from this school painted in Bysintine churches,
Greek churches and Russia, Pravaslovic churches. The
believers related to these works of art as holy objects
and prayed to them.
Body Art
This is a concept of art in which the artist's body
is used as a means to show and present his artistic
ideas. This type of art is mainly seen in "happenings"
and presentations.
Junk Art
This art was developed in the 20th century. It used
discarted objects found in the street and dumpsters.
Many artists succeeded in creating asthetic works
of art from these objects.
The first artist was Shweiters. Later this art also
found a home in Europe and the US by Reushenberg, Louis
Neilson and Faulichi.
Medium
This term represents all of the methods and various
materials used by the artists or certain arts.
Aesthetics
One of the philosophical streams deals with one of
the earliest concepts of art, such as "beauty", a standard
for judging works of art and their categorization. All
critiques are based on this perception. The German
philosopher Alexander Gottlieb, 1762 (??????) conceived
the term "aesthetics".
Academy
An academy is a group of artists or researchers
who are cosidered experts in the field of art.
The origin of the word comes from the Greek
culture. Academies which evolved throughout the
years were intented to raise the prestige of
art and its creators. Another purpose was to
instruct the artist in artistic theories.
Famous academies in the world:
- The Plato Academy in Athens in 387 BC.
- The Vasaries Academy of Drawing in Florence in 1564,
where Michaeangelo studied
- The Holy (Sacred) Lucas Academy in Rome
- The Royal Academy for Sculpture and Painting in Paris
- The American Academy for Beautiful Art in New York in 1802
- The National Academy for Design in New York in 1826
Expressionism
This is the stream in art which is
the artist interprets the essense of
nature and freedom through his art. Although
this art form doesn't show us accurate depictions
of nature, it strives to reveal the spiritual
nature of the artists.
Kinetics
This is the art that shows motion and the
forces which affect the body's movements.
reproduction
This is the copy or reproduction of paintings
by photography or any other method.
Impressionism
This is the style of art in which the artists
is influenced by his first impression of
what he sees.
Cubism
This art form began in the 20th century. It was
developed by Picasso and Brock. This form was
influenced by African art. The man who gave this
form its name was the art critic Vossel. He
describes the concept of Cubism as geometrical
forms of scenic views. Cubism wanted to create
another kind of realism. Later this form used
not only geometrical forms, but also cut out
words and letters and collages.
Collage
This is the combination of cut up newspapers
or pieces of paper or colored wallpaper in
order to create a picture.
Monumental Art
This art form is impressive due to its
use of strong and forceful elements
which include thickness and depth.
Monuments
This art form is used to immortalize
people and events.
Figurative Painting
This a painting where we can see
figures of people, animals or shapes.
